{"id":17547,"date":"2025-01-28T20:50:16","date_gmt":"2025-01-28T17:50:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/isa.atu.edu.iq\/?page_id=17547"},"modified":"2025-01-31T12:00:37","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T09:00:37","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/isa.atu.edu.iq\/?page_id=17547","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a:<\/b><\/h5>
– **\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0628\u0631\u063a (1947)**: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/h5>
– **\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0643\u064a (1964)**: \u0635\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646.<\/h5>
– **\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a (1979)**: \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/b><\/h5>
\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/b><\/h5>
– **\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629**:<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647.<\/h5>
– **\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629**:<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/h5>
– **\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631**:<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0645.<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/b><\/h5>
– **\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629**:<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649.<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0648) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/h5>
– **\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629**:<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646.<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646.<\/h5>
– **\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629**:<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/b><\/h5>
– **\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 (IRBs)**:<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646.<\/h5>
– **\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (DSMBs)**:<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/b><\/h5>
– **\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629**:<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<\/h5>
– **\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629**:<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0631.<\/h5>
\u00a0 – \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/b><\/h5>
– \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/div>

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